Building your vocabulary is one of the basic ways of learning Russian or any other language. In turn, learning word formation is a good way to memorize new words. In this series we offer you a set of related words having one stem. You’ll learn the most common derivatives that come from a word, see the examples of their use including idioms and colloquialisms. And of course, you can practice the pronunciation of all these words with the audio track.
Today we’ll examine the verb ‘спать’ which means ‘to sleep’.
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Глаголы (verbs)
спать [глагол. несов.] – to sleep, to be asleep
– ложи́ться спать – to go to bed
– укла́дывать спать – to put to bed
– спать без задних ног – ~ to sleep like a log
засыпа́ть [глагол. несов.] / засну́ть [глагол. сов.] – to fall asleep, to go to sleep, to drift off, to drop off
– мгнове́нно засну́ть – to drop off instantly
– засыпа́ть под му́зыку – to fall asleep to the music
высыпа́ться [глагол. несов.] / вы́спаться [глагол. сов.] – to have a good sleep, to have a good night’s rest
– ты вы́спался? – had you a good sleep?
– я всё вре́мя не высыпа́юсь – I don’t sleep enough
недосыпа́ть [глагол. несов.] / недоспа́ть [глагол. сов.] – not to get enough sleep
– мне ка́жется, я недосыпа́ю – I seem not to get enough sleep
переспа́ть [глагол. сов.] – to oversleep, to spend the night, to stay over, to sleep (with), to go to bed (with)
– мо́жно я у тебя́ пересплю́ ночь? – can I spend the night in your place?
– они́ переспа́ли – they slept together
поспа́ть [глагол. сов.] – to have a nap, to sleep
– поспа́ть немно́го – to have a nap, to take a short sleep
– ти́ше, да́йте поспа́ть! – be quiet, give me to sleep!
усыпля́ть [глагол. несов.] / усыпи́ть [глагол. сов.] – to put to sleep, to lull to sleep
– усыпля́ть живо́тное – to put down an animal
– усыпля́ть сомне́ния – to lull suspicions
просыпа́ться [глагол. несов.] / просну́ться [глагол. сов.] – to wake up, awake
– в нём вдруг просну́лся худо́жник – the painter has suddenly awakened in him
Прилагательные (adjectives)
за́спанный [прил.] – sleepy
– у него́ за́спанный вид – he looks sleepy
спа́льный [прил.] – sleeping
– спа́льный мешо́к – sleeping bag
– спа́льные принадле́жности – bedding
– спа́льный райо́н го́рода – residential district, dormitory district
Существительные (nouns)
усыпле́ние [сущ. ср.] – lulling to sleep, putting to sleep
– усыпле́ние живо́тного – mercy killing, putting down
недосы́п [сущ. м.] – not getting enough sleep
– у тебя́ на лице́ недосы́п – your face looks as if you have not enough sleep
засыпа́ние [сущ. ср.] – falling asleep
– проце́сс засыпа́ния – the process of falling asleep
спа́льня [сущ. ж.] – bedroom
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